Personal Essay- Consumerism - 1014 Words

Chao Yi Wu Professor Sean Thomas Gauthier 345-102-MQ Consumerism and its Discontents 28 September 2012 Personal Essay As the consumption level and living quality keep increasing, most of us no longer need to worry about not having enough to eat and wear, so we start to consume in growing numbers. Therefore, a lot of us became so-called consumerists. After reading the book written by Annie Leonard, I got a clearer idea on the consumerist worldview, and I thought about how am I fitting in this consumer society as well. First of all, we need to distinguish well the terms â€Å"consumption† and â€Å"consumerism† , because these are two completely different ideas. Consumption is the only way to meet our basic needs. Everyone does it, or else we†¦show more content†¦I believe that if their family condition is fair, most of the parents wouldn’t want their child to wear the same old clothes everyday or to buy second-hand stuff or even to use a cell phone for more than five years. I think there is nothing wrong to purchase new items which can bring you pleasure, as long as you find an appropriate way to weed out your old stuff. Donation is always a good way to do it. If you can help the people in poverty by replacing your old items with new ones, why not? Besides, I think that the money you have earned is meant to be spent. What else can you do with it anyways? As for me, I like to shopping and buy some new clothes from time to time, and I think it is a pleasure to wear a pretty new outfit. In order to weed out the old clothes, we will do a spring cleaning every year and donate them to the helping centers. However, I do agree that your family and friends can bring a lot more hapiness than the materials do, but they don’t necessarily conflict with each other. As for my family, my parents still have a lot of time to spend with me after work. In the meantime, they are providing me everything I need, and I am very happy with my current lifestyle. Therefore, despite all the negative aspects of the consumerism, I think we cannot get rid of it. Consuming is one of the most important part in our lives, and is part and parcel of the economy. However, we do need to think about how to reduce all kinds of wastesShow MoreRelatedTaking an Inside Look at Collaborative Consumerism Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pagesmobile technologies. Corporate America that contributed to over-consumption has raised global environmental and financial concerns. 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Granted, I wasn t having a break-down, I was liberating myself from the cartoon storage cloud, the problem wi th clouds is thatRead MoreThe Young Adult Fiction Feed By. Anderson1682 Words   |  7 Pagesmanipulated by an embedded internet chip known as â€Å"the feed†. Within this novel, Anderson mainly tackles on the negative aspects of advancing technology. The development of technology has indeed led to the development of the society in various ways. This essay discusses the impact of technology on identity in a suburban adolescence context. Suburbanization is â€Å"a process by which cities expand peripherally, initially by out-migration of population and economic activity from dense urban cores, to less denseRead More Analysis of M.I.A.s Paper Planes Music Video1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe dynamics of M.I.A.’s â€Å"Paper Planes†, video. 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The tone of the essay is mordant

Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies Free Essays

string(58) " good level by ensuring timely supplies to its customers\." Executive Summary In this report, I have discussed about the two major textile organizations that are AL-karam and Gul Ahmed textile mills. I have conducted a ratio analysis from the information gathered from their financial statements. In my study, I found out that AL-Karam is doing comparatively well from Gul Ahmed textiles as various ratios proved to be positive in terms of AL-Karam textiles. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Accounting Policies Through accounting strategies and the methods of computation used in the preparation of this financial information are the same as those applied in the preparation of financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2011. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with approved accounting standards as applicable in Pakistan. Approved accounting standards comprise such International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board as are notified under the Companies Ordinance, 1984, provisions of and directives issued under the Companies Ordinance, 1984. In case requirements differ, the provisions or directives of the Companies Ordinance, 1984 shall overcome operating assets. Operating assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any identified impairment loss except leasehold land which is stated at cost. No amortization is provided on leasehold land since the lease is renewable at the option of the lessee. Depreciation is charged on reducing balance method at rates specified in the note 13. 1. Full year’s depreciation is charged on additions except major additions or extensions to production facilities which are depreciated on pro-rata basis for the period of use during the year and no depreciation is charged on assets in the year of their disposal. Structures on leased retail outlets are depreciated over the respective lease term. Gains and losses on disposal of operating assets are included in profit and loss account. Capital work-in-progress Capital work-in-progress is stated at cost accumulated up to the balance sheet date and represents expenditure incurred on property, plant and equipment in the course of construction. These expenditures are transferred to relevant category of property, plant and equipment as and when the asset starts operation. Intangible assets Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is charged over the useful life of the assets on a systematic basis to income applying the straight line method at the rate specified in note 14. Investments Investments in subsidiary company are stated at cost. The Company reconsiders the carrying amount of the investments to assess whether there is any indication of impairment loss. If such indication exists, the carrying amount is reduced to recoverable amount and the difference is recognized as an expense. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the investment is increased to the revised recoverable amount. The reversal of such impairment loss is recognized as an income. GUL AHMED Financial Ratios | 2010| 2009| liquidity| Current ratios| 0. 97| 0. 95| Quick  Ratio| 0. 39| 0. 44| Leverage| Total  debt  to  Total  assets  ratio| 75. 37%| 77. 04%| Times  interest  earned| -| 1. 00 times| Funded  debt  to  net  working  capital| 61. 80%| 63. 49%| Efficiency| Average  collection  period  | 4. 3 days| 44. 56 days| Inventory  turnover  | 3. 98| 4. 43| Total  assets  turnover| 1. 34| 1. 11| Net worth turn over| 5. 47| 2. 99| Net  working  capital  turnover| -87. 86| 50. 92| Profitability| Net  profit  margin| 2. 42%| -0. 56%| Gross  profit  margin| 16. 11%| 7. 30%| Return  on  total  assets| 3. 27%| -0. 71%| Return  on  Net  working  capital| 13. 28%| -48. 01%| Return  on  net  worth| -213. 10%| -3. 26%| Ratios Analysis LIQUIDITY RATIOS: A liquidity ratio measures the company’s ability to pay its bills. The denominator of a liquidity ratio is the company’s current liabilities, i. e. , obligations that the company must meet soon, usually with in one year. The numerator of a liquidity ratio is part or all of current assets. The current ratio of Gul Ahmed for year 2010 is 0. 97 and for year 2009 it is 0. 94. When we look at quick ratio, the quick ratio for Gul Ahmed is 0. 39 in 2010 and 0. 44 in 2009. It shows that Gul Ahmed had enough liquidity to meet its short term liquidity need during the better economic situation as well as in worst economic situation. The factor behind being well in its liquidity ratio is that company is well managed in financing its assets. LEVERAGE RATIOS: The leverage ratios accomplish two things: First, they are a measure of the extent to which firms finance their assets through debt; second, they are indicators of the financial risk of the firm. .We has considered three leverage ratios for Gul Ahmed: total debt to total assets, times interest earned, and funded debt to net working capital. Company’s datedness increased over the 2009-2010 periods. The times’ interest earned ratio for Gul Ahmed during 2009 show that it is slightly lesser than the industry average. Whereas in 2010, Gul Ahmed’s time’s interest earned ratio increased to, which was higher than the industry average of that year From this, it is concluded that the company has been able to meet its interest obligations from funds available from operations during 2010. The comparatively lower funded debt to net working capital ratio for Gul Ahmed indicates that it follows the industry practice of heavily utilizing credit lines at banks. It appears that the company did not have reasonable funds to meet its funded debt payments although it is performing better than the industry. Taking, the preceding leverage ratios in considerations, it may be concluded that Gul Ahmed is highly leveraged and most of its assets are financed by current debt. EFFICIENCY RATIOS: Ratios are typically used to analyze how well a company uses its assets and liabilities internally. Efficiency Ratios can calculate the turnover of receivables, the repayment of liabilities, the quantity and usage of equity and the general use of inventory and machinery. The average collection period is far from the median and that shows a loose credit term policies in receiving the payments late but somehow the average collection period reduces close to median in2010 explaining the improvement in receiving payments. The inventory is kept at good level by ensuring timely supplies to its customers. You read "Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies" in category "Essay examples" The Asset turnover seemed to be in a good shape standing  just above the median in both years, telling that Gul Ahmed is utilizing its assets properly introducing the sales. The net working capital turnover is far higher than the median telling that the firm’s current assets are sufficiently utilized in producing high sales. However, the net worth  Turnover being below the median tells that the Gul Ahmed is bit high on using debt financing and less efficient in using equity financing. PROFITABILITY RATIOS: Profit margin is 2. 42% (2010) and 0. 57% (2009). This reflects the firm’s managerial efforts at controlling the markets acceptance of the firms product, the effectiveness of its marketing and sales efforts and the firms overall reputation. The profit margin is improving hence the firms profitability is improving. Return on total assets= 3. 27% (2010) and 0. 59% (2009) this reflects the earnings productivity of the total assets. Here there is an increase. This is because the firm is very profitable as far as its assets are concerned. Return on net working capital=13. 28% (2010) and 2. 50% (2009) reflects the profitability of  managerial decisions regarding investments in net current assets. This is improving in a way that the company is generating profits on its net working capital as compared to 2003. AL-Karam Textiles Financial Ratios Ratios| 2009| 2010| Liquidity Ratios| | | Current Ratio| 1. 04| 0. 97| Quick Ratio| 0. 4757| 0. 2787| Leverage Ratios| | | Debt to asset ratio| 0. 7381| 0. 80179| Funded to net working capital| 0. 3692| 1. 365| Efficiency Ratios| | | Average collection period| 30days| 35days| Inventory Turnover| 0. 7089| 0. 008109| Total Asset turnover| 0. 000933| 0. 000693| Net Worth Turnover| 2. 15| 2. 56| Net working capital turnover| -0. 0017583| -0. 010899| Profitability Ratio| | | Profit Margin| 0. 0078| 0. 0075| Return on Total Assets| 0. 6885| 0. 53351| Return on Net Worth| 0. 1792| 0. 853| Return on net working capital| -0. 1643| 0. 08387| Equity Ratio| | | Price to earning Ratio| 2. 11| 2. 01| Dividend payout| 0. 41| 0. 83| Book value per share| $15. 12| $19. 48| Ratios Analysis Liquidity ratios A) Current ratio: Total current assets/Total current liabilities is 0. 97(2010) and 1. 04(2009). This explains that in 2010 the liabilities were outweighing the assets however the p revious year the asset became more than the liabilities and hence the ratio exceeds 1. b) Quick ratio: (Total current assets-inventories)/total current liabilities is 0. 2787(2010) and 0. 4757(2009). This ratio is taken out in order to check the liquidity of the firm. When the inventory was subtracted from the total current assets, it gave us a figure of all the current assets other than the stock. This figure was divided by the total current liabilities which gave us a significant decrease in the overall figure value as compared to the current ratio. However, the ratio is decreasing later on in 2010. This means that the stocks have increased. Leverage ratios A) Total debt to total assets ratio: Total debt/total assets = 0. 80179(2010) and  0. 7381(2009). This tells us about the amount of assets which are debt financed. This means that in the last one year there has been a rise in the amount of assets which are being financed by debt and hence reduction in the ones which have been financed by equity. b) Funded debt to net working capital: Funded debt/net working capital=1. 365(2010) and0. 3692 (2009). This basically explains the ratio of debt which has a maturity of more than one year divided by the difference between the current assets and current liabilities. Hence the ability of the firm to retire its funded debt using available relatively liquid assets has increased. Efficiency ratios A) Inventory turnover ratio The inventory turn over ratio is 0. 008109 (2010) and 0. 7089(2009). It is a ratio which tells the effective inventory management policies. Recently, the ratio has reduced in value than the previous one. Either the firm has a lot of inventory or its sales are reducing. b) Total assets turnover The total asset turn over ratio of the two year is 0. 000693(2010) and 0. 000933(2009). It is a measure of the firm’s overall effectiveness in generating sales. The decrease in this ratio is not significant enough. However, it shows that the firm’s effectiveness in generating sales from assets is decreasing to some extent. ) Net working capital turnover = 0. 010899(2010) and -0. 0017583(2009). It is a measure of the firm’s productivity in generating sales. Again here the firm’s performance is decreasing in a way that the ratio of conversion of the net working capital to sales is decreasing. However, even this difference is not very significant between these two years . Profitability ratios A) Profit margin =0. 0078(2010) and 0. 0075(2009). This reflects the firm’s managerial efforts at controlling the market’s acceptance of the firms product, the effectiveness of its marketing and sales efforts and the firms overall reputation. The profit margin is improving hence the firms profitability is improving. b) Return on total assets =0. 53351(2010) and 0. 6885(2009). This reflects the earnings productivity of the total assets. Here there is a decrease. This is because the firm is not very profitable as far as its assets are concerned. c) Return on net working capital=-0. 08387(2010) and -0. 1643(2009). This reflects the profitability of managerial decisions regarding investments in net current assets. This is improving in a way that the company is generating profits on its net working capital as compared to2009. Equity ratios A) Price to earnings ratio=2. 01(2010) and 2. 11(2009). This is basically a measure of the desirability of a firm. The more desirable a firm is to the investor the higher the P. E ratio it has. The P. E ratio is slightly decreasing. This is because the ratio of earning per share to price per share is greater in 2009. The higher this ratio the more attractive it is to the investors. B) Debt to  equity ratio=0. 3481(2010) and 0. 4937 (2009) shows a decrease in  the  preceding year2010. Conclusion Ratios| Gul Ahmed| Al karam| | Liquidity| Current Ratios| 0. 97| 1. 04| Quick Ratio| 0. 39| 0. 4757| Leverage | Total debt to total Assets ratio| 73. 37%| 73. 81%| Funded debt to networking capital| 61. 80%| 36. 92| Efficiency| | | Average collection period| 43 days| 30 days| Inventory turnover| 3. 98| 0. 7089| Total assets turnover| 1. 34| 0. 000933| Net worth turnover| 5. 47| 2. 15| Net working capital turnover| -87. 86| -0. 0017583| Profitability| | | Net profit Margin| 2. 42%| 0. 78| Return on net worth| -213. 10%| 17. 92| Return on Total Assets| 3. 27%| 6. 88%| Return on Net Working capital| 13. 28%| -0. 1643| Equity| | | Price to earning ratio| 7. 5| 10. 85| Book value per share| 19. 48| 21. 45| The ratio analysis of the two companies shows the result that Al-karam has been increasing its equity and its profitability and showing signs of an efficient company. On the other hand, Gul Ahmed is decreasing its business and going towards loss Liquidity Ratios: Al-karam has a higher Current ratio as well as Acid Test ratio as compare to Gul Ahmed which me ans that it is in a better shape to meet its current obligations and has more inventories. Gul Ahmed therefore has lower margin safety to meet its current obligation. Efficiency Ratios: Al-karam seems to be in a better financial standing as compare to its efficiency. The company has a lower turnover ratio for both, the assets and the inventory showing high amount of sales and effectiveness as compare to Gul Ahmed. Profitability Ratios: Al-Karam has been rising in its profitability continuously, showing improvements in return on net worth and return on total assets. Equity: Equity ratios are primary interest to the firm’s stockholders and include the price to earnings ratio, dividend payout, and book value per share. The price to earnings ratio, popularly referred to as the P/E ratio, is an overall measure of the desirability of the firm. The more attractive the firm is to the investors, the higher the P/E ratio. The P/E ratio is highest of Al Karam that is 10. 65 which is higher than the other textile ratio, then comes Gul Ahmed. Al-karam has been showing improvements in the dividend yield and the book value per share. This shows that the company has been increasing its equity by involving more investors in its base. The company thus shows signs of expansion and higher sense of determination towards acquiring more of the business. The book value per share is highest of Al Karam. . Bibliography http://www. gulahmed. com/investor_financial_information. html http://www. gulahmed. com/downloads/annual_reports/AnnualReport2012. pdf http://www. gulahmed. com/investor_financial_information. html http://download-reports. blogspot. com/2009/10/financial-analysis-ratio-analysis-of_2826. html http://www. gulahmed. com/downloads/annual_reports/Annual_Report_2009. pdf http://www. facebook. com/l. php? u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. alkaram. com%2Fpsl%2FHalf%2520Yearly%2520Financial%2520Information%2520December%25202011. pdfh=zAQGDqpbt http://www. scribd. com How to cite Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies, Essay examples

Interpersonal Communication

Question: Write an essay on Interpersonal Communication. Answer: It is a way of exchange or giving and acquiring of information between two people. It is not only a phenomenon but then it is also an area of study, which means there also a subject is named in this manner. Interpersonal communication involves two phases: Message receiving and message sending (Berger, 2014). This thing can be practiced by both direct and indirect ways. The practice becomes successful when both the receiver and the sender of any message understand each others views and ways of conduct. This kind of communication is normally seen in office or in professional areas. The communication that is done during an interview is an example of interpersonal communication. Theories of Communication Uncertainty Reduction Theory This is a perspective of socio-physiology. Here people try to gather information about other people as they have problem with uncertainty. Here as people want to be more predictive so they seek as much as information about others (Blumler, 2015). Social Exchange Theory This comes under the perspective of symbolic interaction. The theory describes, explains, and predicts the reason behind as to why and when people reveal certain personal or impersonal information to others about themselves (Siegrist, 2009). Relational Dialectics Theory Here dialectical approach includes contradiction. The understanding is done through opposing arguments. It involves a lot of debates (Amati and Hannawa, 2013). Social Penetration Theory Here the most important thing that can be seen is that how different people make relations with each other when they have total different views and intellectuals (Chornet-Roses, 2010). Relational Patterns of Interaction Theory Here it is shown how relations are defined by peoples interactive way in their relationships. This theory became the basis for the scholars to approach the study of relations in the field of communication (Cimatti and Sebastiani, 2012). Communication Privacy Management Theory In this kind it is seen how people communicate with each maintaining a boundary of privacy within themselves. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Here it is seen how people decrease their discomfort level in any new situation by the process of communication (Amati and Hannawa, 2013). Attribution Theory In this kind social judgment of people is seen for any unknown or known people while communicating with each other. Expectancy Violations Theory This is mainly seen in non-verbal communications where people, while having non-verbal communication, misjudge the other and also draw negative or positive conclusions about them accordingly (Johnson and Lewis, 2010). Discussion Here is an example given where the communication done between an interviewee and interviewer is given. Let the interviewer (one who is interviewing) be A and the interviewee (one who is being interviewed) be B- A: Hi B: Hello A: Where do you work and what is the name of your company? B: I work in a hotel and the name of the company X Hotel. A: And how long have you been working there? B: I have been working there for one and a half year. A: OK so how many hours are you working? B: I usually work for 20 hours per week as I am a student, but during holidays I can work for more than 20 hours case thats the rule. A: So what do you do at your job? B: I work as a DC, where I have to clean the dishes that come from the kitchen and the buffet. Sometimes I also help the kitchen staff prepare the food like making curry and other things. A: So are you satisfied with your job? B: Yes, I am satisfied with my job as I am getting good money there and the staff members are very good. A: And how many people are working there? B: In the kitchen 5 people are working and in the buffet 5-6 waitresses and there are 3 managers. So approximately there are 11-15 people working there. A: So, about your pay, when do you get the pay? Is it weekly or monthly? B: Probably I get the pay weekly, on every Tuesdays but sometimes its late then I get paid on Wednesdays or Thursdays. A: So at your work how are you motivated by you staff members? Like if you make any mistakes, how do you handle the customers? B: Actually I am not working in the buffet so there is no need for me to go to the buffet to handle the customers. But my staff members are really good. Sometimes they also help me in washing the dishes if I get late. They put the washed dishes to their places and they pretty much motivate me, they help me very much. A: So at you work during the staff meetings what do you discuss? B: In my workplace during the monthly meeting we discuss quality of the food and also if there is any fault with my washing, then they tell me to do it properly. So mainly we discuss about the problems that come in the kitchen or buffet. A: So how much do you trust your company, like if the hotel closes what will happen of you? B: Yes, I trust my company because like if that hotel closes then my company may shift me to another branch of it as my company has a lot of hotels in my city. A: So how much do you expect from our company? B: In my present company I get 100 Australian dollars per week so I would expect at least 100-120 Australian dollars per week. A: So this is enough for today, we will call you if you are selected. Thank you. B: Thank you. Conclusion So , from the above interview session we understand that giving or taking an interview not only involves professional or educational talk but it also good communication skills ,because the interviewee does not know what questions he or she has to answer. Hence the interviewee has to be a very good listener and answer the questions politely but to the point. Whereas its not always possible to for the interviewer to frame new questions for every interviewee. So the interviewer also has to be a good listener to frame questions related to what the interviewee is telling. References Amati, R. and Hannawa, A. (2013). Relational Dialectics Theory: Disentangling Physician-Perceived Tensions of End-of-Life Communication.Health Communication, 29(10), pp.962-973. Berger, C. (2014).Interpersonal Communication. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Blumler, J. (2015). Core Theories of Political Communication: Foundational and Freshly Minted.Commun Theor, 25(4), pp.426-438. Chornet-Roses, D. (2010). Using Students' Prior Knowledge to Teach Social Penetration Theory.Communication Teacher, 24(3), pp.150-154. Cimatti, A. and Sebastiani, R. (2012).Theory and applications of satisfiability testing-- SAT 2012. Berlin: Springer. Johnson, D. and Lewis, N. (2010). Perceptions of Swearing in the Work Setting: An Expectancy Violations Theory Perspective.Communication Reports, 23(2), pp.106-118. Johnson, K. and Worden, D. (2014). Cognitive/emotional dissonance as growth points in learning to teach.LST, 1(2), pp.125-150. Siegrist, J. (2009). Unfair exchange and health: Social bases of stress-related diseases.Soc Theory Health, 7(4), pp.305-317.