Personal Essay- Consumerism - 1014 Words

Chao Yi Wu Professor Sean Thomas Gauthier 345-102-MQ Consumerism and its Discontents 28 September 2012 Personal Essay As the consumption level and living quality keep increasing, most of us no longer need to worry about not having enough to eat and wear, so we start to consume in growing numbers. Therefore, a lot of us became so-called consumerists. After reading the book written by Annie Leonard, I got a clearer idea on the consumerist worldview, and I thought about how am I fitting in this consumer society as well. First of all, we need to distinguish well the terms â€Å"consumption† and â€Å"consumerism† , because these are two completely different ideas. Consumption is the only way to meet our basic needs. Everyone does it, or else we†¦show more content†¦I believe that if their family condition is fair, most of the parents wouldn’t want their child to wear the same old clothes everyday or to buy second-hand stuff or even to use a cell phone for more than five years. I think there is nothing wrong to purchase new items which can bring you pleasure, as long as you find an appropriate way to weed out your old stuff. Donation is always a good way to do it. If you can help the people in poverty by replacing your old items with new ones, why not? Besides, I think that the money you have earned is meant to be spent. What else can you do with it anyways? As for me, I like to shopping and buy some new clothes from time to time, and I think it is a pleasure to wear a pretty new outfit. In order to weed out the old clothes, we will do a spring cleaning every year and donate them to the helping centers. However, I do agree that your family and friends can bring a lot more hapiness than the materials do, but they don’t necessarily conflict with each other. As for my family, my parents still have a lot of time to spend with me after work. In the meantime, they are providing me everything I need, and I am very happy with my current lifestyle. Therefore, despite all the negative aspects of the consumerism, I think we cannot get rid of it. Consuming is one of the most important part in our lives, and is part and parcel of the economy. However, we do need to think about how to reduce all kinds of wastesShow MoreRelatedTaking an Inside Look at Collaborative Consumerism Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pagesmobile technologies. Corporate America that contributed to over-consumption has raised global environmental and financial concerns. 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Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies Free Essays

string(58) " good level by ensuring timely supplies to its customers\." Executive Summary In this report, I have discussed about the two major textile organizations that are AL-karam and Gul Ahmed textile mills. I have conducted a ratio analysis from the information gathered from their financial statements. In my study, I found out that AL-Karam is doing comparatively well from Gul Ahmed textiles as various ratios proved to be positive in terms of AL-Karam textiles. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Accounting Policies Through accounting strategies and the methods of computation used in the preparation of this financial information are the same as those applied in the preparation of financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2011. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with approved accounting standards as applicable in Pakistan. Approved accounting standards comprise such International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board as are notified under the Companies Ordinance, 1984, provisions of and directives issued under the Companies Ordinance, 1984. In case requirements differ, the provisions or directives of the Companies Ordinance, 1984 shall overcome operating assets. Operating assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any identified impairment loss except leasehold land which is stated at cost. No amortization is provided on leasehold land since the lease is renewable at the option of the lessee. Depreciation is charged on reducing balance method at rates specified in the note 13. 1. Full year’s depreciation is charged on additions except major additions or extensions to production facilities which are depreciated on pro-rata basis for the period of use during the year and no depreciation is charged on assets in the year of their disposal. Structures on leased retail outlets are depreciated over the respective lease term. Gains and losses on disposal of operating assets are included in profit and loss account. Capital work-in-progress Capital work-in-progress is stated at cost accumulated up to the balance sheet date and represents expenditure incurred on property, plant and equipment in the course of construction. These expenditures are transferred to relevant category of property, plant and equipment as and when the asset starts operation. Intangible assets Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is charged over the useful life of the assets on a systematic basis to income applying the straight line method at the rate specified in note 14. Investments Investments in subsidiary company are stated at cost. The Company reconsiders the carrying amount of the investments to assess whether there is any indication of impairment loss. If such indication exists, the carrying amount is reduced to recoverable amount and the difference is recognized as an expense. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the investment is increased to the revised recoverable amount. The reversal of such impairment loss is recognized as an income. GUL AHMED Financial Ratios | 2010| 2009| liquidity| Current ratios| 0. 97| 0. 95| Quick  Ratio| 0. 39| 0. 44| Leverage| Total  debt  to  Total  assets  ratio| 75. 37%| 77. 04%| Times  interest  earned| -| 1. 00 times| Funded  debt  to  net  working  capital| 61. 80%| 63. 49%| Efficiency| Average  collection  period  | 4. 3 days| 44. 56 days| Inventory  turnover  | 3. 98| 4. 43| Total  assets  turnover| 1. 34| 1. 11| Net worth turn over| 5. 47| 2. 99| Net  working  capital  turnover| -87. 86| 50. 92| Profitability| Net  profit  margin| 2. 42%| -0. 56%| Gross  profit  margin| 16. 11%| 7. 30%| Return  on  total  assets| 3. 27%| -0. 71%| Return  on  Net  working  capital| 13. 28%| -48. 01%| Return  on  net  worth| -213. 10%| -3. 26%| Ratios Analysis LIQUIDITY RATIOS: A liquidity ratio measures the company’s ability to pay its bills. The denominator of a liquidity ratio is the company’s current liabilities, i. e. , obligations that the company must meet soon, usually with in one year. The numerator of a liquidity ratio is part or all of current assets. The current ratio of Gul Ahmed for year 2010 is 0. 97 and for year 2009 it is 0. 94. When we look at quick ratio, the quick ratio for Gul Ahmed is 0. 39 in 2010 and 0. 44 in 2009. It shows that Gul Ahmed had enough liquidity to meet its short term liquidity need during the better economic situation as well as in worst economic situation. The factor behind being well in its liquidity ratio is that company is well managed in financing its assets. LEVERAGE RATIOS: The leverage ratios accomplish two things: First, they are a measure of the extent to which firms finance their assets through debt; second, they are indicators of the financial risk of the firm. .We has considered three leverage ratios for Gul Ahmed: total debt to total assets, times interest earned, and funded debt to net working capital. Company’s datedness increased over the 2009-2010 periods. The times’ interest earned ratio for Gul Ahmed during 2009 show that it is slightly lesser than the industry average. Whereas in 2010, Gul Ahmed’s time’s interest earned ratio increased to, which was higher than the industry average of that year From this, it is concluded that the company has been able to meet its interest obligations from funds available from operations during 2010. The comparatively lower funded debt to net working capital ratio for Gul Ahmed indicates that it follows the industry practice of heavily utilizing credit lines at banks. It appears that the company did not have reasonable funds to meet its funded debt payments although it is performing better than the industry. Taking, the preceding leverage ratios in considerations, it may be concluded that Gul Ahmed is highly leveraged and most of its assets are financed by current debt. EFFICIENCY RATIOS: Ratios are typically used to analyze how well a company uses its assets and liabilities internally. Efficiency Ratios can calculate the turnover of receivables, the repayment of liabilities, the quantity and usage of equity and the general use of inventory and machinery. The average collection period is far from the median and that shows a loose credit term policies in receiving the payments late but somehow the average collection period reduces close to median in2010 explaining the improvement in receiving payments. The inventory is kept at good level by ensuring timely supplies to its customers. You read "Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies" in category "Essay examples" The Asset turnover seemed to be in a good shape standing  just above the median in both years, telling that Gul Ahmed is utilizing its assets properly introducing the sales. The net working capital turnover is far higher than the median telling that the firm’s current assets are sufficiently utilized in producing high sales. However, the net worth  Turnover being below the median tells that the Gul Ahmed is bit high on using debt financing and less efficient in using equity financing. PROFITABILITY RATIOS: Profit margin is 2. 42% (2010) and 0. 57% (2009). This reflects the firm’s managerial efforts at controlling the markets acceptance of the firms product, the effectiveness of its marketing and sales efforts and the firms overall reputation. The profit margin is improving hence the firms profitability is improving. Return on total assets= 3. 27% (2010) and 0. 59% (2009) this reflects the earnings productivity of the total assets. Here there is an increase. This is because the firm is very profitable as far as its assets are concerned. Return on net working capital=13. 28% (2010) and 2. 50% (2009) reflects the profitability of  managerial decisions regarding investments in net current assets. This is improving in a way that the company is generating profits on its net working capital as compared to 2003. AL-Karam Textiles Financial Ratios Ratios| 2009| 2010| Liquidity Ratios| | | Current Ratio| 1. 04| 0. 97| Quick Ratio| 0. 4757| 0. 2787| Leverage Ratios| | | Debt to asset ratio| 0. 7381| 0. 80179| Funded to net working capital| 0. 3692| 1. 365| Efficiency Ratios| | | Average collection period| 30days| 35days| Inventory Turnover| 0. 7089| 0. 008109| Total Asset turnover| 0. 000933| 0. 000693| Net Worth Turnover| 2. 15| 2. 56| Net working capital turnover| -0. 0017583| -0. 010899| Profitability Ratio| | | Profit Margin| 0. 0078| 0. 0075| Return on Total Assets| 0. 6885| 0. 53351| Return on Net Worth| 0. 1792| 0. 853| Return on net working capital| -0. 1643| 0. 08387| Equity Ratio| | | Price to earning Ratio| 2. 11| 2. 01| Dividend payout| 0. 41| 0. 83| Book value per share| $15. 12| $19. 48| Ratios Analysis Liquidity ratios A) Current ratio: Total current assets/Total current liabilities is 0. 97(2010) and 1. 04(2009). This explains that in 2010 the liabilities were outweighing the assets however the p revious year the asset became more than the liabilities and hence the ratio exceeds 1. b) Quick ratio: (Total current assets-inventories)/total current liabilities is 0. 2787(2010) and 0. 4757(2009). This ratio is taken out in order to check the liquidity of the firm. When the inventory was subtracted from the total current assets, it gave us a figure of all the current assets other than the stock. This figure was divided by the total current liabilities which gave us a significant decrease in the overall figure value as compared to the current ratio. However, the ratio is decreasing later on in 2010. This means that the stocks have increased. Leverage ratios A) Total debt to total assets ratio: Total debt/total assets = 0. 80179(2010) and  0. 7381(2009). This tells us about the amount of assets which are debt financed. This means that in the last one year there has been a rise in the amount of assets which are being financed by debt and hence reduction in the ones which have been financed by equity. b) Funded debt to net working capital: Funded debt/net working capital=1. 365(2010) and0. 3692 (2009). This basically explains the ratio of debt which has a maturity of more than one year divided by the difference between the current assets and current liabilities. Hence the ability of the firm to retire its funded debt using available relatively liquid assets has increased. Efficiency ratios A) Inventory turnover ratio The inventory turn over ratio is 0. 008109 (2010) and 0. 7089(2009). It is a ratio which tells the effective inventory management policies. Recently, the ratio has reduced in value than the previous one. Either the firm has a lot of inventory or its sales are reducing. b) Total assets turnover The total asset turn over ratio of the two year is 0. 000693(2010) and 0. 000933(2009). It is a measure of the firm’s overall effectiveness in generating sales. The decrease in this ratio is not significant enough. However, it shows that the firm’s effectiveness in generating sales from assets is decreasing to some extent. ) Net working capital turnover = 0. 010899(2010) and -0. 0017583(2009). It is a measure of the firm’s productivity in generating sales. Again here the firm’s performance is decreasing in a way that the ratio of conversion of the net working capital to sales is decreasing. However, even this difference is not very significant between these two years . Profitability ratios A) Profit margin =0. 0078(2010) and 0. 0075(2009). This reflects the firm’s managerial efforts at controlling the market’s acceptance of the firms product, the effectiveness of its marketing and sales efforts and the firms overall reputation. The profit margin is improving hence the firms profitability is improving. b) Return on total assets =0. 53351(2010) and 0. 6885(2009). This reflects the earnings productivity of the total assets. Here there is a decrease. This is because the firm is not very profitable as far as its assets are concerned. c) Return on net working capital=-0. 08387(2010) and -0. 1643(2009). This reflects the profitability of managerial decisions regarding investments in net current assets. This is improving in a way that the company is generating profits on its net working capital as compared to2009. Equity ratios A) Price to earnings ratio=2. 01(2010) and 2. 11(2009). This is basically a measure of the desirability of a firm. The more desirable a firm is to the investor the higher the P. E ratio it has. The P. E ratio is slightly decreasing. This is because the ratio of earning per share to price per share is greater in 2009. The higher this ratio the more attractive it is to the investors. B) Debt to  equity ratio=0. 3481(2010) and 0. 4937 (2009) shows a decrease in  the  preceding year2010. Conclusion Ratios| Gul Ahmed| Al karam| | Liquidity| Current Ratios| 0. 97| 1. 04| Quick Ratio| 0. 39| 0. 4757| Leverage | Total debt to total Assets ratio| 73. 37%| 73. 81%| Funded debt to networking capital| 61. 80%| 36. 92| Efficiency| | | Average collection period| 43 days| 30 days| Inventory turnover| 3. 98| 0. 7089| Total assets turnover| 1. 34| 0. 000933| Net worth turnover| 5. 47| 2. 15| Net working capital turnover| -87. 86| -0. 0017583| Profitability| | | Net profit Margin| 2. 42%| 0. 78| Return on net worth| -213. 10%| 17. 92| Return on Total Assets| 3. 27%| 6. 88%| Return on Net Working capital| 13. 28%| -0. 1643| Equity| | | Price to earning ratio| 7. 5| 10. 85| Book value per share| 19. 48| 21. 45| The ratio analysis of the two companies shows the result that Al-karam has been increasing its equity and its profitability and showing signs of an efficient company. On the other hand, Gul Ahmed is decreasing its business and going towards loss Liquidity Ratios: Al-karam has a higher Current ratio as well as Acid Test ratio as compare to Gul Ahmed which me ans that it is in a better shape to meet its current obligations and has more inventories. Gul Ahmed therefore has lower margin safety to meet its current obligation. Efficiency Ratios: Al-karam seems to be in a better financial standing as compare to its efficiency. The company has a lower turnover ratio for both, the assets and the inventory showing high amount of sales and effectiveness as compare to Gul Ahmed. Profitability Ratios: Al-Karam has been rising in its profitability continuously, showing improvements in return on net worth and return on total assets. Equity: Equity ratios are primary interest to the firm’s stockholders and include the price to earnings ratio, dividend payout, and book value per share. The price to earnings ratio, popularly referred to as the P/E ratio, is an overall measure of the desirability of the firm. The more attractive the firm is to the investors, the higher the P/E ratio. The P/E ratio is highest of Al Karam that is 10. 65 which is higher than the other textile ratio, then comes Gul Ahmed. Al-karam has been showing improvements in the dividend yield and the book value per share. This shows that the company has been increasing its equity by involving more investors in its base. The company thus shows signs of expansion and higher sense of determination towards acquiring more of the business. The book value per share is highest of Al Karam. . Bibliography http://www. gulahmed. com/investor_financial_information. html http://www. gulahmed. com/downloads/annual_reports/AnnualReport2012. pdf http://www. gulahmed. com/investor_financial_information. html http://download-reports. blogspot. com/2009/10/financial-analysis-ratio-analysis-of_2826. html http://www. gulahmed. com/downloads/annual_reports/Annual_Report_2009. pdf http://www. facebook. com/l. php? u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. alkaram. com%2Fpsl%2FHalf%2520Yearly%2520Financial%2520Information%2520December%25202011. pdfh=zAQGDqpbt http://www. scribd. com How to cite Comparison Between Two Major Textile Companies, Essay examples

Interpersonal Communication

Question: Write an essay on Interpersonal Communication. Answer: It is a way of exchange or giving and acquiring of information between two people. It is not only a phenomenon but then it is also an area of study, which means there also a subject is named in this manner. Interpersonal communication involves two phases: Message receiving and message sending (Berger, 2014). This thing can be practiced by both direct and indirect ways. The practice becomes successful when both the receiver and the sender of any message understand each others views and ways of conduct. This kind of communication is normally seen in office or in professional areas. The communication that is done during an interview is an example of interpersonal communication. Theories of Communication Uncertainty Reduction Theory This is a perspective of socio-physiology. Here people try to gather information about other people as they have problem with uncertainty. Here as people want to be more predictive so they seek as much as information about others (Blumler, 2015). Social Exchange Theory This comes under the perspective of symbolic interaction. The theory describes, explains, and predicts the reason behind as to why and when people reveal certain personal or impersonal information to others about themselves (Siegrist, 2009). Relational Dialectics Theory Here dialectical approach includes contradiction. The understanding is done through opposing arguments. It involves a lot of debates (Amati and Hannawa, 2013). Social Penetration Theory Here the most important thing that can be seen is that how different people make relations with each other when they have total different views and intellectuals (Chornet-Roses, 2010). Relational Patterns of Interaction Theory Here it is shown how relations are defined by peoples interactive way in their relationships. This theory became the basis for the scholars to approach the study of relations in the field of communication (Cimatti and Sebastiani, 2012). Communication Privacy Management Theory In this kind it is seen how people communicate with each maintaining a boundary of privacy within themselves. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Here it is seen how people decrease their discomfort level in any new situation by the process of communication (Amati and Hannawa, 2013). Attribution Theory In this kind social judgment of people is seen for any unknown or known people while communicating with each other. Expectancy Violations Theory This is mainly seen in non-verbal communications where people, while having non-verbal communication, misjudge the other and also draw negative or positive conclusions about them accordingly (Johnson and Lewis, 2010). Discussion Here is an example given where the communication done between an interviewee and interviewer is given. Let the interviewer (one who is interviewing) be A and the interviewee (one who is being interviewed) be B- A: Hi B: Hello A: Where do you work and what is the name of your company? B: I work in a hotel and the name of the company X Hotel. A: And how long have you been working there? B: I have been working there for one and a half year. A: OK so how many hours are you working? B: I usually work for 20 hours per week as I am a student, but during holidays I can work for more than 20 hours case thats the rule. A: So what do you do at your job? B: I work as a DC, where I have to clean the dishes that come from the kitchen and the buffet. Sometimes I also help the kitchen staff prepare the food like making curry and other things. A: So are you satisfied with your job? B: Yes, I am satisfied with my job as I am getting good money there and the staff members are very good. A: And how many people are working there? B: In the kitchen 5 people are working and in the buffet 5-6 waitresses and there are 3 managers. So approximately there are 11-15 people working there. A: So, about your pay, when do you get the pay? Is it weekly or monthly? B: Probably I get the pay weekly, on every Tuesdays but sometimes its late then I get paid on Wednesdays or Thursdays. A: So at your work how are you motivated by you staff members? Like if you make any mistakes, how do you handle the customers? B: Actually I am not working in the buffet so there is no need for me to go to the buffet to handle the customers. But my staff members are really good. Sometimes they also help me in washing the dishes if I get late. They put the washed dishes to their places and they pretty much motivate me, they help me very much. A: So at you work during the staff meetings what do you discuss? B: In my workplace during the monthly meeting we discuss quality of the food and also if there is any fault with my washing, then they tell me to do it properly. So mainly we discuss about the problems that come in the kitchen or buffet. A: So how much do you trust your company, like if the hotel closes what will happen of you? B: Yes, I trust my company because like if that hotel closes then my company may shift me to another branch of it as my company has a lot of hotels in my city. A: So how much do you expect from our company? B: In my present company I get 100 Australian dollars per week so I would expect at least 100-120 Australian dollars per week. A: So this is enough for today, we will call you if you are selected. Thank you. B: Thank you. Conclusion So , from the above interview session we understand that giving or taking an interview not only involves professional or educational talk but it also good communication skills ,because the interviewee does not know what questions he or she has to answer. Hence the interviewee has to be a very good listener and answer the questions politely but to the point. Whereas its not always possible to for the interviewer to frame new questions for every interviewee. So the interviewer also has to be a good listener to frame questions related to what the interviewee is telling. References Amati, R. and Hannawa, A. (2013). Relational Dialectics Theory: Disentangling Physician-Perceived Tensions of End-of-Life Communication.Health Communication, 29(10), pp.962-973. Berger, C. (2014).Interpersonal Communication. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Blumler, J. (2015). Core Theories of Political Communication: Foundational and Freshly Minted.Commun Theor, 25(4), pp.426-438. Chornet-Roses, D. (2010). Using Students' Prior Knowledge to Teach Social Penetration Theory.Communication Teacher, 24(3), pp.150-154. Cimatti, A. and Sebastiani, R. (2012).Theory and applications of satisfiability testing-- SAT 2012. Berlin: Springer. Johnson, D. and Lewis, N. (2010). Perceptions of Swearing in the Work Setting: An Expectancy Violations Theory Perspective.Communication Reports, 23(2), pp.106-118. Johnson, K. and Worden, D. (2014). Cognitive/emotional dissonance as growth points in learning to teach.LST, 1(2), pp.125-150. Siegrist, J. (2009). Unfair exchange and health: Social bases of stress-related diseases.Soc Theory Health, 7(4), pp.305-317.

Sexual Desire - Early Modern Literature free essay sample

‘[T]o me it’s ease / Since in these flames I can Aeneas please’ (Wharton, A Paraphrase on the last Speech of Dido in Virgil’s Aeneis). Discuss the representation of sexual desire in two of your module text. There is no denying we all have sexual urges and desires. We also have gender typical views on the desire of both sexes. In this essay I am going to look at the representation of sexual desire within the digressional world of Tristram Shandy and within the Sexual Difference poetry, to see how sexuality is depicted as well as dire and how gender impacts our perception of it. In Thomas Wyatts ‘whoso list to hunt’ we see a stereotypical representation of male and female desire. The male portrayed as the hunter and the female and the prey. Controversially, the female figure is represented by a deer. While a deer represents nature, gentleness, grace, it also can be seen as degrading, being represented by an animal; as weak and feeble. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Desire Early Modern Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I do not believe this to be the case. Throughout the poem, the roles seem to be very much reversed. What begins as an optimistic opening, ‘ I know where is an hind’ (1) by line two becomes a lamenting sentiment, which ends at the cliche that is ‘but, ‘But as for me, alas, I may no more (2). The deer appears to have the upper hand and the control. The brutal hunter we expect cannot be found within this poem, rather a stumbling, love sick man, seeking to tame the untameable. Rather than the image of a hunter seeking prey being negative, can this not represent his struggle and strife with his emotions. The deer is irresistible to the hunter, it is his instinct to go after her, he cannot help himself, although it is against his better judgement and against his bodies’ capacity: The vain travail hath wearied me so sore I am of them that farthest cometh behind. Yet may I, by no means, my wearied mind Draw from the deer, but as she fleeth afore Fainting I follow (3-7) The word fainting suggests that he is entranced by her, The repetition of the opening phrase in line nine, is an evaluation of his situation and position with this female he so desires. The piece changes once more, to no longer a self lament, but rather a piece of advice for fellow ‘hunters if you will. We also learn a lot about the way in which female desire is perceived with this poem. Is it the deers desire to be hunted? Every time the hunter draws closer she flees only to wait for him to draw closer once more. It is important also to recognise that the woman is passive within the poem. She remains mute throughout. Even the necklace around her neck speaks on her behalf, ‘ for Caesar’s I am’ (13). While she appears at first free, in fact she is still very much restricted under the ownership of Caesar, be this a literal man or a representation of a man of power and wealth, by being owned she is forbidden to the hunter. Maybe in fact the poem draws on ideas of the forbidden, that she appeals to him because of the fact he cannot have her. Wyatt plays on our perceptions of relationships through the visual image of Caesar’s hinds. Each hind was encrypted with: Noli me tangere quia Caesaris sum (Touch me not for I am Caesars) on their collars and were then set free and presumed to be safe from prying hunters. Wyatt parallels this with the idea that if a woman is spoken for she is presumed safe from other men. There is the issue of her freedom within this poem. The idea of being ‘owned’ by a man. Caesar’s hinds were set free, collared so they are not killed. The final part of the encryption in the poem reads, ‘And wild for to hold, though I seem tame’ (14). This Final line suggests that while she’s is collared she is not to be owned by anyone, she is wild, wild with desire, and desire cannot be tamed. This is suggested earlier in the poem ‘Since in a net seek to hold the wind’ (8)

Free Essays on Old Toy Favorites Lead The Way

Critique Old Toy Favorites Lead the Way By: Eric Walhgren Summary: With the upcoming holiday season nearing this article was only appropriate. This article was a handy guide to what is hot in the toy departments this season. Surprisingly, the hot toys this Christmas are nostalgic, old toys are beginning to resurface. Toys like Elmo, Transformers, My Little Pony, Strawberry Shortcake, Care Bears, Cabbage Patch Kids, Legos, and much more. Along with the toys of yesteryear parents are moving towards more interactive learning toys such as Leapfrog. With the slow economy and many budgeting parents this season average cost of toys are ranging from $29.99-50.00. Parents are warned to watch out for the hype of overpriced internet bidding, on sites such as Ebay, for these old favorites. Strengths: What I loved about this article is how it took me back to my childhood. As I child I played with a many of the above mentioned toys such as My Little Pony and I just loved Strawberry Shortcake and who could live without a Cabbage Patch Kid. The timing of the article was very appropriate with the big holiday shopping season nearing. It also was informative of the marketing scheme which was that the kids who grew up playing with these toys during the 80’s are now parents and it gives them a chance to be able to interact with their own children by purchasing their old favorites. Weaknesses: I could not find any weaknesses in this article it was to the point and it delivered. The article was informative as well as precise, and not to mention entertaining. Personal Opinion: What inspired me to choose this article was the nostalgic feeling that I got while reading it. This article took me to a place that I haven’t visited in years; my childhood. The thought of my child being able to enjoy the same toys that I grew up loving is great. I think that was and excellent gesture by marketers.... Free Essays on Old Toy Favorites Lead The Way Free Essays on Old Toy Favorites Lead The Way Critique Old Toy Favorites Lead the Way By: Eric Walhgren Summary: With the upcoming holiday season nearing this article was only appropriate. This article was a handy guide to what is hot in the toy departments this season. Surprisingly, the hot toys this Christmas are nostalgic, old toys are beginning to resurface. Toys like Elmo, Transformers, My Little Pony, Strawberry Shortcake, Care Bears, Cabbage Patch Kids, Legos, and much more. Along with the toys of yesteryear parents are moving towards more interactive learning toys such as Leapfrog. With the slow economy and many budgeting parents this season average cost of toys are ranging from $29.99-50.00. Parents are warned to watch out for the hype of overpriced internet bidding, on sites such as Ebay, for these old favorites. Strengths: What I loved about this article is how it took me back to my childhood. As I child I played with a many of the above mentioned toys such as My Little Pony and I just loved Strawberry Shortcake and who could live without a Cabbage Patch Kid. The timing of the article was very appropriate with the big holiday shopping season nearing. It also was informative of the marketing scheme which was that the kids who grew up playing with these toys during the 80’s are now parents and it gives them a chance to be able to interact with their own children by purchasing their old favorites. Weaknesses: I could not find any weaknesses in this article it was to the point and it delivered. The article was informative as well as precise, and not to mention entertaining. Personal Opinion: What inspired me to choose this article was the nostalgic feeling that I got while reading it. This article took me to a place that I haven’t visited in years; my childhood. The thought of my child being able to enjoy the same toys that I grew up loving is great. I think that was and excellent gesture by marketers....

Is Marketing For Introverts Unlock Your Potential

Is Marketing For Introverts Unlock Your Potential Always a shy child, my mother approached me during my high school career and informed me that I was to send in an application to the Hugh O’Brien Youth Leadership seminar. â€Å"I don’t want to go to that,† I informed her. â€Å"There will be lots of people I don’t know there.† â€Å"That’s precisely why you should go,† she said. And I did go. My mother knows half of the state of North Dakota, and is completely unafraid to approach them for a chat. I look down at the ground when I walk and hope no one will try to start a conversation. Clearly, we are different creatures. Back then, I was both introverted and shy, though I have (mostly) outgrown shyness through such things asyouth leadership seminars. However, the introversion- the desire to be alone much of the time- remains. And that’s perfectly OK. Introversion kind of took on a life of its own in recent years, partly thanks to the book â€Å"The Power Of Introverts In A World That Can’t Stop Talking† and its associated TED talk  by Susan Cain. Social media feeds were flooded with people proud to lay claim to their introversion, glad to have found a spokesperson so they didn’t have to say it. There’s even a website dedicated to the â€Å"Quiet Revolution†, people who aren’t much for talking who live in a world where noise and constant speech is both common and rewarded. â€Å"Why are all the introverts on social media?† my friend asked, when I pointed out this trend wave. â€Å"Wouldn’t that be the last place to be?† â€Å"That’s a good question.† Is Marketing For Introverts? Insider Advice To Unlock Your Potential Introversion 101 Being introverted is not the same as being shy. When my mom encouraged me to attend youth events, do public speaking in 4-H, and anything to get me used to communicating with people, she was trying to help me get over being shy. Shyness can be a crippling problem, but introversion is not. Introverts aren’t weird, awkward, social nerds, too serious, shy- those are all negatives. Introverts simply need and are energized by being alone. Introversion is, in the most pared down definition, getting more energy by not being around people. Introverts get more energy by not being around people. Here's how it works for #marketing.Introverts have a limited energy account when it comes to being around people, and when it’s used up, they are exhausted on all levels. They need to go away and be by themselves and recharge. According to Psychology Today, if you... Like being by yourself. Think and create better by yourself and not in groups. Lead best when your followers are self-starters. Are reluctant to volunteer or get involved in groups and be in the spotlight. (People looking at you, talking to and about you? Just no.) Are constantly being asked what your opinion is. (Because you seldom volunteer it, unlike extroverts who specialize in sharing their opinion.) Wear headphones or create barriers between you and others when out in public. (If you’re like me, you carry a book around to read because you like to read, and it also keeps people from talking to you most of the time.) Avoid angry or upset people. (Confrontation? Just no.) Get way more calls and emails than you receive. (Unless your job forces you to participate). Don’t initiate small talk and don’t want to chat casually when encountering other people. ...you are an introvert. More or less. There are always exceptions to how people shake out, but it’s a good general list of introverted qualities. Not everyone is an extrovert or an introvert; some of you are ambiverts. You have a bit of both going on. Take The Test: Are you an introvert or an extrovert? Take the online test to find out. The Requirements Of Content Marketing For Introverts What does the world of content marketing require, particularly from the vantage point of an introvert? 1. There will be marketing. I can never sell my own stuff. â€Å"That’s a nice painting, Julie. Is it for sale? I’d like to buy it.† And then I somehow manage to apologize for the painting existing and apologize for it being for sale. If the silence is sufficiently awkward, I may apologize for apologizing. Marketing is not second nature to me. I want Magic Sales, whose unicorn customers buy silently and with neither pursuit nor question of the seller, crossing my palm with silver and going on their way without trying to extrapolate a pound of conversation from me. #ContentMarketing requires people, talking, selling. Here's how to handle it as an introvert.Magic Sales are not marketing. Even blue moons whisper of their rarity. Traditional marketing means you have to go out and find people, talk to them to figure out what they want, and then figure out how to sell based on that. Or, if it is inbound marketing, you must start the conversation on your blog or social account, and then be prepared to talk and sell when people come to you. Either way, there’s going to be people, talking, and selling. Hard stuff for introverts. 2. There may be teams. Team and group work is common for content marketing. Teams for writing, for editing, for planning, for idea generation. We talk about teams on this blog all the time. Unfortunately, introverts don’t shine in these kinds of group settings. Being surrounded by people tires them, much less people talking. They don’t fight for their right to be heard, because they are working hard at conserving their energy instead of burning through it, and just being in a room with other people is sapping it. Brainstorming, in particular, can be frustrating because introverts often fall silent as extroverts run roughshod over the room. For this reason, I tend to use individual brainstorming techniques  more in my own work than in groups. But teamwork, unless you are a solo blogger, is inevitable. I usually tried to take a break after a meeting, or get off by myself to recharge so I could process the discussion I just heard. Or, if you know the meeting is about brainstorming ideas, for example, do your own brainstorming ahead of time, write it down, and bring it with you. Introvert marketer? Know your strengths and find time to work by yourself.In other words, you can’t get away from working in teams, but you can make the most of your alone time both by taking advantage of when you’re creatively best and by planning in alone time to recharge. Some people will see you as unfriendly, weird, or â€Å"not a team player† but you are not responsible for that. Lock an extrovert in a room by themselves constantly, and see how well they produce. It’s the same thing. You know your strengths. Find ways to sneak them in, even between group activities. 3. There will be questions. Content marketing is about conversation, and that’s tough for introverts. It’s not that introverts are bumbling and inept conversationalists. On the contrary, introverts often have many good things to say because they spend a lot of time thinking instead of talking all the time. So introversion and being slow or less inclined to talk instantly should never be taken as a sign of a lack of intelligence. I love to have deep conversations with a limited handful of friends during specific settings and times after which I will go home and become quiet. Introverts seem as if they aren’t always â€Å"on† even though the truth is that we’re â€Å"on† but sometimes turn down the volume. Introverts are  'on' but sometimes turn down the volume.But when you are successful with your content marketing, there is a steady flow of conversation coming your way, from readers and fans. And not all of them are forgiving if you take a day or week to respond. This is tough for introverts. We know what we have to do (instant response!) and we know what we can do (delayed response, and not all at once). I don’t always hop in and answer social media and blog comments instantaneously. It’s not that I don’t want to thank people, or answer questions, but I can’t always handle it. I have to set aside time, and then mentally prepare myself to dive in for a short while before I’m worn out. There will always be people who want instant response, and those introverts may not be able to please all the time. However, you can make up for that by always being genuine and real in your responses, using first names of people, answering their questions, encouraging or sincerely complimenting their ideas. I like to think that delayed sincerity is better than instant insincerity. And if an introvert is forced to respond instantly, the depleted energy means insincerity will quite often surface. 4. There is a need for written words. Introverts often (not always, but often) excel at the written word. If you’re like me, you don’t talk much, but instead live a life inside your head, finding that writing is your chosen method of communicating. You can clearly articulate your thoughts much better in the written word than in the spoken word. Writing, after all, is a solitary activity. It doesn’t matter if you’re surrounded by people; when it comes to making it happen, it’s you and the blank page. Good news: Content marketing needs written words. For the introverts who excel at writing, there is a place for them in #contentmarketing.Sometimes I am amazed by the need to help people clarify ideas and show them how to make written blog posts happen. If you’re used to being alone, and you’re familiar with that time being the point when your mind kicks into highest gear, such issues don’t exist. Yes, there are the mechanics of it to deal with (editing, grammar, logic, etc.), but the struggle to come up with the ideas that fuel the words is much less. If you’re an introvert by struggling with writing, go with freeform and stream of consciousness approaches to your writing, simply typing out whatever it is you’re thinking. Because you are thinking. You can clean the randomness out of the copy later. What’s An Introvert To Do? You can’t change the expected norms for content marketing, a realm that seems to be filled with lots of energetic extroverted folks, but you can find a way to exist and not burn out. Extroverts may not appreciate your approach, but if you want to do content marketing for the long haul, you can’t run yourself into the ground. 1. Recharge regularly. You have to recharge. Go offline, get off of social media. Do something. Get away from the conversation and get some quiet time alone to recharge. I’m particularly absent from my clients and professional social media accounts during the weekend. I periodically remove social apps from my phone. I go for walks, and set aside a day to do â€Å"analog† projects like art or reading. That’s how I get through the week. 2. Do the math. If you blog more and post on social media more, you get more conversation back. That’s the goal of content marketing, isn’t it? That’s the formula you hear about, right? That’s what success is? Maybe. Unless you can’t handle it. You’d be better off writing and generating content with a return you can handle than not. Don’t publish two blog posts a day if you can’t handle the conversational upkeep. Don’t post 15 times a day on social media if you can’t handle the engagement. 3. Write when you’re alone. Writing when you’re being interrupted by team members or other people will be reflected in your final copy. Write when you’re alone. Try to arrange the option to have a room for yourself (if you’re in an open office) or some hours to work from home. You have a legitimate reason: You do your best work alone. Don’t they want your best work? Introvert?  Work alone. You have a good reason: It's when you do your best work.4. Inject time into conversation. Introverts aren’t slow-witted, but some of us prefer to slow communication down to allow for thought. Those who thrive on fast-talking, instant communication are not going to like you for doing it, but that is not the concern. Do what you can do. Responding quickly in an energy deficit is a dangerous policy, and can lead to rash or formulaic responses. One of the reasons I like paper snail mail is that it forces time into the conversation equation. Writing, mailing, waiting, opening, responding- these all take time. Weeks, often. I can write long letters, and don’t even mind letters from people I don’t know, because I can communicate in writing and use the large time gaps to recoup energy for the next round. Email, text messages, social messages, phone calls- these demand immediate response. If you don’t respond right away, all kinds of social interpretations and anxiety  seems to happen. â€Å"Are you angry with me?† â€Å"Are you ignoring me?!† â€Å"You can’t stick your head in the sand.† â€Å"You’re being unprofessional.† â€Å"This is a high speed world. I need you to respond.† â€Å"Why aren’t you interested in what I have to say?† â€Å"Please return my call ASAP. This is important.† (Important to whom?) How fun it is to get an email or message, and then another in an hour, and then the next day...soon the whole thing has escalated and I don’t even know how to respond at this point when the only reason I didn’t respond initially wasn’t to be a jerk, but because I was recouping my energy and thinking of what I would say. If you meet an aggressive person demanding response, perhaps you might consider a couple I use: â€Å"I am thinking about this and will get back to you later.† â€Å"Thanks for the email. I am not interested at this time.† â€Å"I won’t commit to anything on the phone. I need to think about it. What is your email address?† In this way, I acknowledge the communication, but I don’t have to respond until I’m able. I don’t answer emails for work on the weekend. I don’t answer an email before thinking about the answer for at least a day or so, particularly if it is for business or professional reasons and it is a new client I am not familiar with. I don’t pick up the phone if I don’t recognize the number, using voicemail to slow that conversation down. If someone is pushy on the phone, I end the conversation and transfer it to a written medium (often email) where I can think and communicate clearly and slow things down. In other words, I’m injecting time into conversations because it’s what I need. I refuse to be wrangled into someone else’s preferred communication style if they are asking me for a response. My response comes wrapped in its own style, just as their request was wrapped in their style. Blog posts and articles that purport to tell you how to force people to respond  in a timely manner make my skin crawl. I shudder to think of a world where the demand to respond has to be instant or you’ll face an onslaught of follow-up emails, calls, and other sorts of pestering or accusations. Inject time into conversations if you feel your stress level rising and your energy depleting. Make Content Marketing  Work For An Introvert Like You This may sound a bit harsh, particularly if you’re not firmly in the introvert camp. But if you are, you know the weariness that you feel at the end of a day of being around and talking to people. If it is OK for extroverts to constantly recharge, the same should be said of introverts. You introverts have great skills, and in some ways are well-suited to content marketing. By simply protecting your time, energy, and creative core, you will be able to do well for a long time in this industry instead of suffering from burnout. There are more extroverts in the world, but you belong in that world, too. No apologies.

INTRO INTO LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INTRO INTO LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT 3 - Assignment Example Finally it aims at preparing some senior officers for greater roles in their service to the nation (Kratcoski, P. C., & Das, D. K. 2007). The program has a total of four progressive phases which should take a total of seventy days as well as the Daily Observation Reports (D.O.R) which requires a total of fifty five days. The base model for the program was modeled after San Jose FTEP and it is important to establish the fact that the program may vary from one department to another depending on the nature of work and geographical location. Phase I is made which is regarded as the limbo time, takes a total of five working days and is meant to allow the trainer to familiarize him/herself with the trainer. Phase II is for the trainee to be evaluated by the senior Field Training Officer, it takes a total of five working days. Phase III is known as shadow time and also makes a total of five days. Phase IV which is further subdivided into three smaller segment, is made up of seven working days of which five days need one to have completed DOR. Phase V which forms the final phase forms the balance of the 365 day of the entire probation period. Field training program is a basic requirement by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies for all organizations that are considering to be accredited. The program is of great advantage in the sense that it offers a means through non-performing officers can be identified and relieved off their duties. It further minimizes civil litigation which relates to non-criminal offences. Analyzing the jobs of the policing officers is not an easy task in the sense that it is difficult to understand the relationship between the officers and the community hence feedback from the community cannot be used as an accurate measure of the effectiveness of the program. The program may affect affirmative actions efforts since it considers the performance of the Field Training

Philosophy of law ( movie review ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy of law ( movie review ) - Essay Example These were the main areas that they did not want to thrive amidst the Jews in Germany. The Jewish synagogues were burnt to ashes and their children were expelled from school. Only the native religion and culture was to be upheld. The acts of the Nazis apparently relied on the philosophy of nationalism. Nationalism demands that a nation protects its interests and sovereignty with all means possible. Any intruding civilization is treated with inferiority and cruelty. In the case of â€Å"Night of Broken Glass†, nationalism had been exaggerated by its proponents. It was expansionist nationalism, marked with a radical military aggression towards the Jews. Nazism may be justified on the basis of sovereignty and prevention of culture distortion. Whereas the government and the Nazis were strongly supporting nationalism philosophy, a large faction of the natives seemed quite hesitant to act against the Jews. It may be said that these people were buying into communism; a classless form socialization that enhances unity. Communism, other than preserving unity, protects human dignity and rights, including

American Colonies Essay Example for Free

American Colonies Essay The journey to America by Christopher Columbus in 1492 marked a new path for explorers from all over the world. England was one of those countries to explore the Newfoundland and settled into colonial America. By the 1700’s, Britain’s settlers divided into three distinct cultures within America. The New England, Middle, and Southern colonies were formed because of their differences in religious beliefs, geographic aspects, and occupation types. The variety of religious view in the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies helped evolve the differences between them. The New England colonies heavily practiced puritanism. Puritanism was a strict religion that’s main ideal was â€Å"everything you do affects all of us.† The puritans highly prioritized work ethic and were not afraid to publicly shun their members if the puritans disapproved of their actions. They believed their religion should be involved in all aspects of their life. The puritans strongly opposed the Quakers who, by the 1700’s, had settled into the Middle colonies. Quakers, also called the Religious Society of Friends, greatly differed to New England’s religious beliefs. The Quakers were a diverse group of people of deep conviction. They were advocates of passive resistance, but also devoted democratic people. The Quakers believed that they were all children in the sight of God. To the Puritans, the Bible supplied all religious authority, but Quakers believed that God could and did speak directly to the people. The Southern colonies largely supported the Church of England. The Church of England, whose members are called Anglicans, clung to a faith less severe and worldlier than the Puritanical New England. All three religions in all three different societies differed majorly in their beliefs. The Puritans strict ways clashed with the Quakers diverse and open views. The Church of England conflicted with the goal of the Puritans to purify the Church. The varied beliefs of the people divided them into the three colonies in early America. In addition, the distinct geography of each colony furthered the separation of their societies. The heavily glaciated soil in New England colony was filled with rocks. This rocky soil left New England less ethnically mixed. European immigrants were not attracted to the rocky soil of New England and decided to move elsewhere. Unlike the rocky soil of the New England  colonies, the Middle colonies became known as the â€Å"breadbasket† colonies because of the fertile soil and heavily exports of grain. Rivers also played a vital role in the difference of the Middle colonies from the others. The broad streams like the Susquehanna, Delaware and Hudson attracted fur trade and some adventurous spirits of the colonists. Unlike the New England’s many waterfalls, the Middle colonies waterways allowed little power with a water wheel. The Southern soil created a major difference to the rest of the colonies. The soil of the South was rich and fertile. Unlike New England’s hot summers and cruelly cold winters, the Southern heat was very humid and made the Southern colonies perfect for farming. The geographic differences between the colonies, including the variances of soil, rivers and weather, caused each colony to become more unique. As a result of the geographic aspects of the three colonies, specific occupations were found more often in certain colonies. The New England soil and climate created a diverse agriculture and industry. Unable to farm on rocks, some New England people turned to the harbors for fishing while others turned to dense forests, to work on cutting down trees and building ships. These jobs created a town-like atmosphere in the New England colony. The Middle colonies occupations proved very similar to the New England colonies. With the dense Virginal forest many became a lumberjacks or a ship builders. However, the Southern colonies fertile soil and humid weather created a farming franchise. Men had big farms called plantations. They grew crops to get cash and sold these crops to Great Britain. Because of the demanding work of owning a plantation, many slaves from Africa worked for the English farmers. The spread of slavery in the South created major gaps in their social structure. At the top of social ladder stood the small group of powerful plantation owners. Beneath them were small farmers, the biggest social group. Still lower on the social ladder were the landless whites, and beneath them were the indentured servants who were soon replaced with black slaves. The South created a separation between them and the other colonies because of their immigration of slaves. The variety of occupation types in each colony created majorly different societies. The major differences in each society helped evolve three distinct colonies. Each society had different beliefs and religions. The strict ways of the New England puritans clashed with the free spirit of the Quakers in the Middle colonies and the Anglican ways of the Southern colonies. The variety of soil, rivers, and weather helped create three distinct colonies. The rocky soil in the New England colonies, large rivers in the Middle colonies, and good soil and humid weather in the Southern colonies also helped create a vast assortment of occupations in each colony. With lumberjacks and ship builders in the New England and Middle colonies, and farming in the South, the jobs of the people in each society were majorly varied. The difference in each colony allowed groups of people to regulate their own lives. This later the creation of different states and governments, further separated the America. This separation in beliefs helped cause the civil war. The early difference in society in the 1700’s helped pave the way for many other conflicted views later on in America.

Is Doubt the Key to Knowledge? Essay -- Proverb Analysis

Doubt is the middle ground between blind acceptance and outright refusal to believe. Doubt lends itself to a certain uncomfortable feeling of questioning but is a necessary tool to reach perceived truth and knowledge. Without doubt, one would believe anything he or she is told; it is a natural filter for the information thrust upon us. Doubt is in some ways the opposite of faith. Faith insinuates an acceptance so powerful that one does not need evidence to back up one’s claim. The lack of evidence does not bother the faithful, but it will pester the doubter like an insatiable itch. But the specter of doubt looms over the doubter, demanding that questions be asked of whatever â€Å"fact† has been presented. The doubter will use the four ways of knowing—emotion, reason, language, and sense perception—to answer the questions and become a knower. Doubt is especially necessary in two areas of knowledge: history and human sciences. When studying history, one mu st doubt the stories presented as facts and consider possible distortions created by biases or the passage of time. Without doubt, the field of human science would never advance past the current understanding, leaving human kind stuck in an age of primitive treatment and technology. The accuracy of history is weakened by time, perception, and memory. The Bible, for example, is particularly prone to such weaknesses. Millions of people accept it as fact despite its many fallacies. The events in the Bible are considered to be part of history. Yet such events were written about many years after they actually occurred. For example, Jesus is thought to have died in 33 A.D. This date is considered likely as his death must have occurred before Pontius Pilate left his position in 36 A.D. Y... ...iam. â€Å"The Gospel According to Luke.† The Interpreter’s One-Volume Commentary on the Bible.† Nashville: Abingdon, 1971. 672-706. Print. Bawer, Bruce. "What is Truth?" Rev. of Pontius Pilate , by Ann Wroe. Reviews by Bruce Bawer Fall 2001. Web. 1 Jan. 2011. . Leo, Johnathan. "The Fallacy of the 50% Concordance Rate for Schizophrenia in Identical Twins." Rev. of The Gene Illusion , by Jay Joseph. Human Nature Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. . Pentecost, J. Dwight. The Word and Works of Jesus Christ: A Study of the Life of Christ. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2000. Amazon.com. Web. 1 Jan2011.. The Ryrie Study Bible. Chicago: Moody, 1976. Print. New American Standard Translation. Is Doubt the Key to Knowledge? Essay -- Proverb Analysis Doubt is the middle ground between blind acceptance and outright refusal to believe. Doubt lends itself to a certain uncomfortable feeling of questioning but is a necessary tool to reach perceived truth and knowledge. Without doubt, one would believe anything he or she is told; it is a natural filter for the information thrust upon us. Doubt is in some ways the opposite of faith. Faith insinuates an acceptance so powerful that one does not need evidence to back up one’s claim. The lack of evidence does not bother the faithful, but it will pester the doubter like an insatiable itch. But the specter of doubt looms over the doubter, demanding that questions be asked of whatever â€Å"fact† has been presented. The doubter will use the four ways of knowing—emotion, reason, language, and sense perception—to answer the questions and become a knower. Doubt is especially necessary in two areas of knowledge: history and human sciences. When studying history, one mu st doubt the stories presented as facts and consider possible distortions created by biases or the passage of time. Without doubt, the field of human science would never advance past the current understanding, leaving human kind stuck in an age of primitive treatment and technology. The accuracy of history is weakened by time, perception, and memory. The Bible, for example, is particularly prone to such weaknesses. Millions of people accept it as fact despite its many fallacies. The events in the Bible are considered to be part of history. Yet such events were written about many years after they actually occurred. For example, Jesus is thought to have died in 33 A.D. This date is considered likely as his death must have occurred before Pontius Pilate left his position in 36 A.D. Y... ...iam. â€Å"The Gospel According to Luke.† The Interpreter’s One-Volume Commentary on the Bible.† Nashville: Abingdon, 1971. 672-706. Print. Bawer, Bruce. "What is Truth?" Rev. of Pontius Pilate , by Ann Wroe. Reviews by Bruce Bawer Fall 2001. Web. 1 Jan. 2011. . Leo, Johnathan. "The Fallacy of the 50% Concordance Rate for Schizophrenia in Identical Twins." Rev. of The Gene Illusion , by Jay Joseph. Human Nature Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. . Pentecost, J. Dwight. The Word and Works of Jesus Christ: A Study of the Life of Christ. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2000. Amazon.com. Web. 1 Jan2011.. The Ryrie Study Bible. Chicago: Moody, 1976. Print. New American Standard Translation.

Southern’s Middle Ages

Southern’s Middle Ages In the novel, â€Å"The Making of the Middle Ages,† author, R. W. Southern, calls attention to the events during the years of 972 and 1204, and how they  influenced the intellectual, religious and cultural traditions of our modern era. This period, lasting well over 200 years, is usually associated with waring knights and starving peasants rather than highly developed intellect and great innovation.However, Southern explains that there were considerable academic and sociological advancements made during this period, that go relatively unnoticed. He refers to these events as a â€Å"secret revolution† and explains that, â€Å"The significant events are often the obscure ones, and the significant utterances are often those of men withdrawn from the world and speaking to a very few. † (Pg. 13)   He reiterates this theme throughout the book, focusing primarily on Christianity, society, and thought.There can be no dispute that the pr ominence of Christianity, during the Middle Ages, has done more to shape the world, as it is today, than possibly any other religion. This is primarily because Christianity offered a unifying, stabilizing force throughout Europe, where a majority of areas had an â€Å"incoherent jumble of laws and customs, difficult to adjust to each other and hard even to understand. The survivals of barbaric codes of law jostled with varying mixtures of Roman law, local custom, and violence†. pg 15) Christendom provided Europe with a unified identity in language, government, and education. It is no great mystery that language plays an important role in the creation of personal relationships between individuals. So when applied on an international stage, language can mean the difference between war and peace. The church’s use of Latin acted as a merging factor in areas where people spoke in diverse and various dialects. As stated by Southern â€Å"This broad similarity of language fr om the lowlands of Scotland to Sicily was a real bond between men. (pg 17) The unifying quality of Latin not only bound men together linguistically, but also allowed those from different countries to move about freely with little or no language barrier. â€Å"The likenesses of language over this broad area were sufficiently pronounced to facilitate ease of movement both of men and of ideas: it took relatively few alterations to make a Provencal song intelligible in England, and a member of the English baronage could, without uch difficulty, make himself at home in Italy† (pg 20). As a side effect of the church being the one constant variable of the European continent, individual governments became subjugated to the power of the church. Christendom had developed such a loyal following that the peoples of the European nations, including those in power, were dependent on the church for moral and political authority. In this way, Christianity helped to unify countries that would otherwise be at odds with each other.Through the unification of these nations, the church grew to be the most commanding institution of Europe, enforcing that â€Å"all paid a form of tribute known as Peter’s Pence, which was the foundation of more or less determined claims to Papal overlordship; and when Bohemia finally became a kingdom, its new status was guaranteed by a Papal confirmation† (pg 27) The influence of the church was so great that all countries were reliant upon it, and were only recognized as sovereign nations, when determined as so, with the expressed confirmation of the Pope.Above all though, the most distinguishing impact that Christianity had, was a result of the crusades. Southern states that, â€Å"Even the Crusades only touched the fringe of this hostile world. But they had one great effect: they opened men’s minds to the size of the uncovered world. † (70) These wars brought people to the edges of their culture and introduced to th em to thier neighbors of the Muslim world where there was a literal collide and infusion of new thought, which Southern calls â€Å"The great period of acquisition†. pg 68) At this time, the advancement in the Muslim’s refined scientific knowledge and mathematic skills, which â€Å"had been intensively cultivated by Moslem Scholars† (65) were transferring and even being sought after by those in academia. The Jewish culture was instrumental as well in that they were effective in the translation of the two different languages. Maribel Dietz, author of â€Å"Wandering Monks,Virgins and Pilgrims† writes on the effects the journeys of the pilgrims had on not only the institutional church, but on society and thought.As stated in her novel â€Å"In an environment of religious, political, and social change, movement itself was now open to a multiplicity of meanings, interpretations, and purposes. †(pg 42) The crusades resulted in a surge of material and in tellectual wealth coming back to Europe from the front lines. Southern discusses the transfer of Muslim knowledge during these wars, Throughout his novel Southern looks at society and the individual. He writes about the importance certain groups and individuals within a particular community as well as the growth of society global scale.One particular group he writes about is women. Women, during this time period, were often given very little recognition. However, the power they wielded during the middle ages was far greater than many have been led to believe. Henry Chaucer often wrote on the subject of women. In his famous poem â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† he gives an in depth look at the power that women held. In one particular section of the poem the wife of bath describes a great deal of her life, omitting very little detail.She describes herself as being a strong woman who makes a habit of manipulating her husbands. â€Å"I will have a husband who will be both my debtor a nd servant, and have his tribulation upon his flesh, while I am his wife. As long as I live I, and not he, have the power over his body. † Regardless of the fact that history shows men as having all the power, in reality women held a great deal of power often through the manipulation of men. While Southern does not address the manipulation of men by women as Chaucer does, he does address the binding nature of marriage.He states in one passage â€Å"the way for this diffusion of rules of conduct and guides to statesmanship was prepared by something less tangible than ideals – it was prepared by the bond of marriage. † During the time in which Southern is writing about, marriage was more that just an expression of love by two individuals. It was an event that could mean the literal difference between life and death. The marriage of a couple was a binding of two families and often two nations if the individuals being married were nobles. In particular he focuses on the influence women have in marriage.Women during this time were married to men for many reasons, each having some sociopolitical ramification. Often times they would leave their home country as a result of a marriage which meant that they were immersed in a new culture, absorbing new ideas as well as spreading ideas from their own homeland. Southern makes a point of this by stating â€Å"Women were less rooted in the soil than men; they brought new influences from distant parts and established bonds between men of little or no identity of purpose or of interest. † This bonding of men from different cultures through women could and did have vast ramifications on society as a whole.One such example is that of Agnes of Aquitaine who was married the King of Germany, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry the 3rd. 13 years after their marriage in 1056 Agnes was left widowed and became regent for her infant son. Her reign lasted for 6 years at the end of which she was run out by an upr ising. After her reign ended she became well known for her religious devotion and was the chief ambassador between the Papal court and her son, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry the 4th. She was well known and had considerable influence in the political world. The case Agnes is just one of many that show the power women held during the this time period.Southern moves from the world of women and marriage into the world of men and the nuances of class that men could hold. A common term used when talking about class in the middle ages is the term serf. A serf was a person who was essentially a volintary slave who worked for a lord or religious institution, often working the land and paying a portion of their harvest to their master. It was also possible to be born into serfdom if one was born to parents who were serfs or were promised by their parents to a lord or institution. Education during the middle ages is often seen as something that was essentially non-existant.While it is true that it was more difficult to learn, as a result of geographic restrictions, the enthusiatic pursuit of knowledge never ceased or deminished during this time period. St. Augustine wrote the De Doctrina Christiana, which Southern refers to as â€Å"the most comprehensive syllabus of Christian Studies. †(pg 170) Augustine’s book outlines the way that science is too be used to better understand the bible. It is at this time during the middle ages when science and religion not only go hand in hand, but are practically indistinguishable from each other.And it is not until Boethius attempts to revive the ideas and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome that this system began to change. Boethius’s dream to translate Greek science and philosophy into Latin, was the precurser to the renaissance and inspired others such as Gerbert, who revived the art of rhetoric. It is at this point that one can begin to see the shift from Augustine’s combination of science and religion i nto a new era when the two begin to split. Southern calls itâ€Å"the divorce between Divine and Secular learning† (pg 173) .What started out as a way of understanding religion was becoming a secular endevoure. Southern, R. W. The Making of The Middle Ages. Fredericksburg, Virgina: BookCrafters, Inc. , 1953. (accessed November 4, 2012). toatinthe Ancien Early in the period covered by this novel scientific knowledge was something that went hand in hand with the search for biblical truth. St. Augustine was wrote on this subject stating that clergy should use science to better interpret the meaning of the bible, and theological studies where indistinguishable with scientific.This changed later on when (insert name here) began to draw a p The majority of the european continent consisted of a rural and uneducated society, with diverse political and religious practices, besieged by violent invaders. Conclusion â€Å"Countries which , in 972, appeared so menacing had become by the end of our period an integral part, and to all appearances a permanent part, of Western Christendom† (pg 27) education the popes kings and emperors united in defensive of the perceived threat of islam and roaming tribes

Index Numbers of Commodity Prices and Industries

Index Numbers of Commodity Prices and Industries In India index numbers are constructed for a wide range of economic subjects and their use is constantly increasing. The construction of index numbers started in India as early as the last quarter of 19th century. The main use of index numbers is to facilitate the assessment of average changes over the years with regard to wide range of economic activities. Many official and non-official agencies compile and publish index numbers of various kind. Index number of industrial production The Index Number of Industrial production was first compiled by the Office of theEconomic Adviser to the Government of India with base 1937 = 100. The index has been revised from time to time with respect to the base year, the basis of weighing and the coverage of items. The current index number is with base 1970 = 100 and the items covered are divided into four groups, viz. , i. Basic industries, it. Capital goods industries, iii. Intermediate goods indus tries and ‘v. Consumer goods industries. Index numbers of commodity prices Index Number of commodity prices may be broadly classified as index number of wholesale prices and index number of retail prices. ) Index number of wholesale prices- The wholesale price index number are of two types: i. The general purpose index is constructed with a view to reflect the changes taking place in the general price level; hence it includes a large number of commodities. i'. A sensitive index on the other hand serves as an indicator of the movements of the general price levels and it includes only few important commodities which generally react quickly to the market trends. The current index number of wholesale prices has 1970-71 as the base year. (b) Index number of retail prices- The chief retail price index numbers ompiled in India are i.Labour bureau index number of retail prices for urban centres and it. Labour bureau index number of retail prices for rural centres. The Labour Bureau, M inistry of Labour, Government of India, compiles and publishes the index number of retail prices for 18 selected urban centres and 11 selected rural centres in various parts of the country on monthly basis. The index number initially had 1944 as the base. Now the construction of this index number is discontinued and it is replaced by simple price relatives of certain selected articles of consumption ith the calendar year 1960 as base year. c) Consumer price index numbers- The consumer price index number compiled and published by the Labour Bureau are important indicators of the changing economic situation in the country. At all India level three different series of consumer price index numbers are compiled. They are: i. Consumer price index of industrial workers, it. Consumer price index for non-manual employees and iii. Consumer price index for agricultural labourers. http://classofl . com/homework-help/statistics-homework-help/

the origins of modern pyscholo essays

the origins of modern pyscholo essays The ten major origins of modern psychology are Wundt and structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, the behavioral perspective, Sigmund Freud and the psychodynamic perspective, the humanistic perspective, the physiological perspective, the evolutionary perspective, the cognitive perspective and the cultural and diversity perspective. Each one of these perspective searches for answers to different kinds off questions. Due to the different approaches, each perspectives form their own assumptions and explanations. Some perspectives are widely accepted while others struggle for acceptance. The first psychologist to be first known is Wilhelm Wundt. He addresses the theory of structuralism which sought and identifies the components of the conscious mind as well as introspective method. The perspectives of structuralism are to break down the contents of the mind into basic unites like the basic elements of matter in chemistry that could identify the structure of conscious experience and describe its major components. William James is one of the first applied psychologists to study functionalism which consists of people use information to adapt to their environment. Functionalism perspectives were to create optimal conditions for learning or selecting the right workers for various jobs. Wolfgang Kohler, a Gestalt psychologist who was born in 1887 and died In 1967, used chimpanzees in the study of insight learning. Kohler who was born in Revel, Estonia and moved to the United States in 1935, did pioneering studies in the behavior of apes that showed the importance of perceptual organization Behaviors refer to any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism. Watson asserted that psychologists could study anything that people do or say -shopping, playing, chess, eating- but they couldn't study scientifically the thoughts, wishes, and feelings that might accompany these observable behaviors. Wa...

Research Paper Format

Research Paper Format Research Paper Format Research Paper Format While writing research paper, you should keep in mind three essential parts of the research paper format: introduction, body, and conclusion. Research paper outline is your guide for organizing parts of your research paper writing into a coherent project.   You need to consult your tutor to get detailed instruction on research paper format. Body is the largest part of research paper writing.   While writing a research paper main body, you need to choose a strategy and keep it through the writing.   If you are able to link description with argument, it functions in a similar way to a quotation.   Research paper reader expects you to discuss it in relation to the content and purpose of writing. You may describe two laws or two kings of England.   Research paper topic determines the research paper format you need to use.   Sometimes, chronological order cannot be applied to theoretical analysis, while the historical research should be presented in chronological order. You may describe a social problem or a scientific discovery prior to going further into discussion of its implications. Research paper is about critical analysis and interpretation. Sure, interpretation should be based on reliable sources.   As essence of research paper writing holds, you have to research something (an issue, an event, etc.).   You should be very careful with the choice of materials and devote a lot of time and efforts to description, analysis, and planning of the research paper format.   You should make points, construct arguments, and remain critical of your own writing. You may analyze pros and cons of what has already been noted on the issue.   For example, you may note that some of the studies have lost their actuality and can no longer be used as a foundation for current research.   Any tutor will advise you to focus your writing on recent publications and be attentive to the personal biases.   Do not let your personal opinion distort the facts! .com Our research paper writers are available 24/7 to assist you with any assignment. Custom written research papers will definitely meet academic requirements and be up to the academic level.   Every writer we employ is capable of following the instruction.   We ensure proper research paper format and logical organization of ideas.   You may have good understanding of the topic, while we know how to put your knowledge and research findings on the paper. Custom written research paper of high quality is your chance to get an A+ on your assignment.

The Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Doctrine of Judicial Precedent - Thesis Example The doctrine of judicial precedent has undergone profound transformations from Eighteenth century onwards in accordance with the changing world. It is not a static concept but constantly evolving. Hence, the difficulty to grasp the relevance and scope of the doctrine of judicial precedent within the English legal system arises. In other words, since the doctrine of judicial precedent is a dynamic concept in both theory and practice, it always redefines its relationship with the legal system as a whole. There is a balance of power between the doctrine of precedent and other provisions in the legal system. Therefore, we need to examine some of the important aspects of English legal system that are closely related to the doctrine of judicial precedent such as the hierarchy of courts, parliament sovereignty, the ideologies of judicial adjudication and so on in order to locate the following of precedents correctly. The doctrine of judicial precedent is intrinsically interpretative. Method ologically, hermeneutic approach would be appropriate to grasp the interpretative nature of precedents and as a doctrine its 'flexible' relationship with the overall legal system. ... Certainly, a conjuncture-level analysis would not always necessarily show the centrality of the doctrine of judicial precedent within the English level system. However, a highest-level abstraction of the English legal system based on its trajectory of evolution and development would show that the doctrine of judicial precedent is at the heart of English legal system.As an idea in general, precedent is not confined with jurisprudence or legal practice. Usually, all sorts of people resort to experiences to guide their present actions. It is an instant help in resolving complex issues by virtue of 'lived in experience'. In addition, reliance on precedent helps the evolution and codification of ideas which otherwise would have been left forgotten in the annals of history. Thus, looking at the past for precedent is also an act of developing a theoretical approach towards it. While exploring the dynamics of the law of primitive man, Hoebel (1964) points out that the doctrine of judicial pr ecedent is not a sole property of the Anglo-American Common Law System. Rather, "primitive law also builds on precedents, for there too, new decisions rest on old rules of law or norms of custom, and new decisions which are sound tend to supply the foundations of future action" (Hoebel, 1964, p. 28). Historically, it is the reproduction Euro-centric, colonial point of view to argue that the doctrine of judicial precedent seems to be (nearly) absent in all legal systems other than English legal system. The idea of precedent is present in almost all the operational legal systems for the simple reason that it cannot be otherwise. Nevertheless, the degree of the influence of the precedent may vary from system to system.

Business Law - Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law - Contract - Essay Example As a general rule, contracts are binding regardless of their form as long as the essential requisites are present. However, there are those contracts that should be in certain form, for example, should be in writing, to be enforceable. A contracting party who violated the terms or conditions of a contract may be sued for breach of contract in a trial court. Breach of contract may be committed if there is a valid or binding contract or when a contract was already formed. The guilty party is ordered to pay damages capable of pecuniary estimation to the aggrieved party. A person who is in good faith or who is innocent cannot be sued if there is a breach of contract. Likewise, a third party who has no participation or connection in the formation of the contract cannot be sued. A contract may be bilateral or unilateral. A bilateral contract is one in which both of the contracting parties formulated and agreed upon the terms and conditions of the contract. Thus, the contracting parties have reciprocal obligation to perform their promises and the contract is already binding and enforceable immediately after a valid consent was given. In a contract of sale for example, the buyer promised to pay the seller of a piano the amount of $1,000 if the seller had delivered the piano in the house of the buyer. If the seller does not deliver the piano, the buyer has no obligation to

Seated buddha in meditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Seated buddha in meditation - Essay Example Currently, Buddhism is widespread in India, China, Korea, and Japan. The sculptures of Buddha describe the various positions and activities practiced in Buddhism during worship. These positions include meditation, praying and activities such as offering sacrifices and protection. Buddha seated in meditation, is one of the Indian gods created by the Sri Lankan artists. It is one of the art products of the sixteenth-century. The figure sits on a lotus-vine pedestal, deep in meditation. The body contains several lakshana, numerous auspicious marks that are a sign of his Buddhahood. The sculpture has thirty two conspicuous marks referred to as mahapurusalakshana. There are also eighty lesser marks such as the forehead mark (urna) and the flame protuberance (ushnisha). Other marks in the meditating Buddha are contained in the extended earlobes, locks of hair and the lotus marks on the hands and feet. The sculpture has a height of 48.7 centimeters, width of 36 centimeters, and a diameter of 20 centimeters. The figure is displayed in a glass case placed directly on the museum floor. The front end of the case contains transparent glass that gives a clear view of the sculpture. The sides of the case are made of brownish concrete for protecting the sculpture. The inte rior of the case is white in color, which creates a high contrast with the copper sculpture. Buddha started Buddhism, a religion practiced in India, Sri Lanka, and other parts of Asia. The work is made for the Buddhist followers where meditation is the seventh step in the eight fold path. The eight fold path contains the teachings that guide Buddhists through their faith in order to experience peace in this world and the afterlife. The sculpture is seated in a lotus position, which is the recommended position during meditation. The meditating Buddha is seated in a lotus position with the feet resting on the opposite thigh. The hands are loosely placed

Impact of Child Protection Regulation on Practices

Impact of Child Protection Regulation on Practices Introduction: Supporting children means working for the development of the care systems, development of the education of the of the children around the world. Saving children from the disability problems and making an environment of nondiscrimination of gender and other aspects. Through giving supports to the children for expressing their opinions and views freely we can support the children. There are several legislative policies and procedures issued for the betterment of the children but the successful imposition and make those policies and procedures come in to force is much important than only issuing those policies and procedures. When you are going to make those legislative issues come into force you have to take it into mind that how those should be implemented and how successfully they works for the betterment of the children. Describe the main legislation which relate to working with children. Some main legislation that relate to working with children are as follows: United Nation Convention on the Rights of a Child-1989 The United Nations Convention based on the Rights of a Child that was signed by the UK in the year 1991. This convention sets out the principles for a legal framework to justify all the aspects for the care system, development and education of all the children around the world. The articles made on that convention cover: disability, nondiscrimination of gender, nondiscrimination on the grounds of religion, language, social or ethnic origin; economic, social care, cultural and all other protective rights related to children. Protection of the Children Act 1999 The Protection of the Children Act 1999 had come into force in October 2000 and this act gives the Secretary of any State the power to keep a list of people who are not suitable to work with children and vulnerable young people. All authorized childcare organizations have a statutory duty to refer particular individuals for the inclusion in the list they have to keep. Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 An amendment to the DDA act 1995 is the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001, that amendment extends the requirement for making some reasonable adjustments for the people who are disabled to include schools, colleges and other education providers as well. Every Child Matters: Change for Children act 2003 In the year 2003, the Government had published a green paper called ‘Every Child Matters’. This paper was published including a wide consultation with the people who are working in childrens services and with their parents, children and young vulnerable people as well people. Following that consultation, the Government also published ‘Every Child Matters’: the Next Steps, and passed the Children Act 2004 later on. Children Act 2004 Children Act 2004 is an update of the Children Act 1989 but it does not supersede the Children Act 1989. Children Act 2004 provides a legislative base for a wider strategy that will improve the childrens living standard. This also covers those universal services which every child must accesses, and provides more targeted services for those people with additional needs. This updated Children Act 2004 also placed a new duty on the local government to promote the educational achievement for looking after the children. The other legislations that relates with the working children are as follows: Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006, updated 2010 Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 Childcare Act 2006 Equalities Act 2010 Discuss the ways that different pieces of legislation determine and influences the working practices. There we got several legislations on the working practices with children around the world. There are some ways that different pieces of legislation determine and influences the working practices. Safeguarding the children: Different legislations on working with children underpins the laws to safeguard the children from being exploited. Those legislations make the local authorities compel to take care about the children in their area. Understanding of rights: A better understanding of rights and power relationships has been established by different legislative programs for many years. Those act and laws that are established by the governing body of any country helps to determine the rights the vulnerable children must acquire. Anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice: Different pieces of legislation determine and influence the working practices with children in the way that helps children being oppressed and discriminated. Anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practices are established and came into force by the grace of those different pieces of legislation. Working with diversity: Working with diversity is not just about gender, sexual orientation or race. In our communities there we see many factors that make each of the individual responsible for the roles they must have to play; the role of values, culture, attitudes and social power are all important in the field of working with children. Different pieces of legislation are able to determine accomplish those roles. 2.1 Describe how policies and practices can reflect fair, just and inclusive strategies. Children and young people need to know what to expect when they are with us. This means you need to be fair and consistent in your behavior to the children. To be fair and consistent in behavior to the children you need to follow some strategies which can be established by you or any expertise in practice. The policies and practices described in the laws and acts regarding working with the children can reflect fair, just and inclusive strategies need to be precisely established for working with the children. Policies and practices require the services providers to make reasonable and accurate adjustments so that disabled children can access their services to the best level. Policies and practices gave the authorities a duty to promote and reinforce equality for disabled and vulnerable children. Policies and practices can reflect fair, just and inclusive strategies because it make compel all regulated and authorities childcare organizations have a statutory duty to appoint individuals for the inclusion in the list and must not appoint individuals and volunteers, in posts that policies bring them into contact for working with the children, whose names are included in the list they made. The policies of Children Act 2004 aims is to encourage integrated planning regarding the children, commissioning and delivery of the services as well as improve the multi-disciplinary working systems, remove duplication of the policies, increase accountability of the service workers and improve the coordination of individuals working within the same grounds and joint inspections in the local authorities. 3.1 Describe some ways that settings may use to ensure that practitioner can access policies. Practitioners can access policies regarding working with children. The practitioner must need to know some information that may help them to access policies. They must acquire knowledge about How to deal with those children who often face stereotyping and prejudice problem for a wide variety of reasons. How to treat children who need to have valued their cultures and customs and understand the importance of culture to children. How to introduce culture and customs to the children for their everyday learning. Parents and careers who often don’t want to highlight issues of discrimination that happens to them. Children who often suffer issues of discrimination in silence and never make claims to get out of those discriminations. About the prejudice incidents they don’t hear/see, that does not mean that they are not happening to the children. About the parent’s abuse and prejudice language incident is not acceptable. About the new arrivals to the setting or this country often suffer from culture shock. Stereotyping on any grounds is not acceptable particularly regarding to work with the children. Acquiring knowledge about all the cultures and customs need to be embraced. The practitioner need to know how children experience the world differently depends on their background. Knowing about their religion, belief and dress can also help the practitioner to get access to the policies regarding the working with children. If practitioner needs to get access to the policies they to know how to support the literacy and language needs of parents and careers, how to respect all families and the children of those families, how to support staff to build up a working knowledge of diverse communities for the betterment of the children. Going through those tasks a practitioner who is going to work to with the children can get access to the policies relating to the children’s safeguard and development. 3.2 Apply knowledge of a wide range of procedures for safeguarding children to show understanding of the appropriate ways to follow these procedures. Determining the needed procedures for safeguarding children is just the first step for working with the children. Here we applied knowledge of a wide range of procedures for safeguarding children to show understanding of the appropriate ways to follow these procedures. Communication to staff, parents and children. The career must consider different communication needs and methods. They need to tell everyone why procedures are needed for working with the children and answer any questions they may have. Training and awareness for all the service providers at the initial stage and then they have to update their staff’s knowledge on a continuous basis. Specific training for those with lead or named responsibility for child safeguarding. Induction new workers need to know safeguarding procedures and their responsibilities included in their induction system before they start to have contact with the children. Monitoring and supervision of the application used in the procedures. Workers also need to be asked about safeguarding issues and awareness when discussing their progress and review of their work regarding children’s development. Recording and information sharing are those procedures that will examine is everything accurate and within the guidelines of your established procedures? Do service providers need any support or additional training programs to be arranged in recording and sharing information with each other and other agencies? Recruitment and vetting states; do all the recruitment processes take safeguarding of the children into account? Managing allegations or prejudice incidents within your organization; after an allegation or suspicion about a child safeguarding concern has been investigated thoroughly, there could be strong feelings from the service providers, parents and children and possibly within the wider society, which will need to be addressed first. There could be some other issues around the workplace: communication rumor or fact guilt or blame; if suspicions have been around for a long time impact on children, of the nature of what have occurred and to whom there have gaps in the organization in terms of roles and posts held. There should be some plan opportunities for sharing information, support and debriefing about the children. Your communication strategy should include responding to possible media enquiries relating to the children. 4.1 Evaluate one theoretical perspective which underpins the development of strategies for empowering children. Here we have evaluate one theoretical perspective named ‘Contemporary Childhood Theory – Beyond the Boxes’ This paper we made here has been drawn from recent a ‘Childhood Theory’ as set out by Alan Prout (2005). Alan argues that childhood period is heterogeneous and complex in nature. He also suggests that the time has come for the new social studies of working with the children to move beyond the promoting of the notion that the child is an agent to recognizing that different paradigms each have something to offer the analysis the behavior of the children. He urges us on his paper not to produce any normalized description but to ‘keep the question of what children is open’. He suggests the impact of technology on children is widely exaggerated and that we need to move away from false dichotomies in our analysis of childhood of the children Specifically he challenges in his theoretical perspective the nature and culture divide drawing from a number of authors to argue we cannot separate out technology/science from culture in which children lives. He suggests that the future of children is dependent on writers coming to terms with that notion ‘nature culture’. Pout also states, ‘Thus I want to argue that only by understanding the way in which childhood of children is constructed by the heterogeneous elements of nature and culture, which in any case cannot be easily separated, will it be possible to take the field forward’.. He further traces the emergence of Childhood Studies in the 19th and 20th century concluding that this period is characterized by writing that promotes false divisions between the social and biological and that these must be overcome if childhood studies of children is to continue to advance as a discipline. It is argued that the variables in the social life are in constant interplay and that small variables at a point in time can change the history of a system. The central of this discussion is the belief that different systems with similar starting points can end up radically different. Indeed, Prouts has promoted of the concept of bifurcation – the idea that some changes are non-reversible gives much hope for the application of Childhood theory of the children of practical settings. Prout also makes a aware and courageous decision to moves away from his contemporaries in the children’s Childhood Studies who still reify the social. This discuss of theoretical perspective underpins the development strategies for empowering children. 4.2 Assess the effectiveness of the strategies which empower children to develop self-confidence and self-reliance. Following a daily routine is a strategy which has most preferences in use to empower children. The daily routine for children provides with a consistent and predictable sequence of daily events that gives all the children a sense of control over what happens in their day to day life. Different types of settings develop different routines depend how long children do stay in the premises and their age limit, but most of the daily routines contain basic components such as: a) outside routine, b) large group time, c)small group time, d) register time, e) art/craft time, f) tidy up time and g) snack/meal time. During following the daily routine the children learns to make their choices and discovers their consequences. This system creates sort of secure environment for the children, because children know what to expect and this appropriate allows them to be more involve in the tasks and more co-operative with the practitioner in charge. The second strategy for empowering children is planning and providing different activities and experiences for children. This strategy is suggested by the EYFS because this strategy allows for adventure, exploration and gaining new experiences through different activities. Different activities, which provide developed range of skills and abilities to the children. Taking part in different activities allows children learn social interactions and behaviors’ such as sharing equipment, taking turns 5.1 Explain the key issues which relate to the practice which support children to prepare for transfer and transitions. When preparing children for transfer and transitions some key issues will need to be addressed to support them. Information through research indicates that there are some specific essential components for supporting successful transfer and transitions in children, including the following: 1. Ensuring basic needs are met properly. 2. Maintaining and encouraging positive relationships. 3. Providing basic support and resources to children in their new environment and modify or adapting daily routines, as appropriate. 4. Providing choices and involving the children in the transfer and transition process to promote and support self-advocacy. 5. Supporting the need for increased independence and helping children create their own identity. 6. Ensuring that all transfer and transition plans are well coordinated and integrated and information is shared with parents and across sectors. Supporting the child through the transfer and transition can be vital for their successfulness, if the correct support is put in the correct place the children will be more comfortable with the changes that are happening in their life. 6.1 Discuss the causes and effects on children of discrimination in society in ways that show a clear understanding of the nature of discrimination. If the children are in contact with discrimination they often want help of participating others, that time they become less confident around others and also isolate themselves to reduce the risk of being upset or hurt by others. Causes are: Social separation; if someone seems socially not confident then they may not seclude themselves from social situations; this can be happened to the children also. People’s opinions; we know that everyone has their own views and opinions on different things happened around them; however in practical life you should be able to share everyones opinions and provide equal opportunities for everyone as well. Differences; if someone can point out differences in a person then other people, especially children, they can pick up on this leading to the discrimination they face . Religions; do you a setting educate and celebrate different religions? Celebrating different events exist in various religions to educate everyone on the difference of the world. Effects are: Becomes isolated; this is lonely and cheerless for the children that it’s effecting them, their self-confidence will be lower than the normal stage, therefore they also separate themselves from others to avoid contact which may make them upset which can stump their social development as well. Opinions can be relayed onto others; if someone talks about their own opinion enough then other people can start to agree with them, or may be pressured into thinking the same as, this can mean more severe discrimination will be caused against children because of their new views. Conclusion: In confine we can state it that supporting children is a task that has to carry out very carefully. To support the vulnerable children first off all you have to go through all the legislative issues relating to supporting children around the world. Those legislations work in different ways in the practice. Those legislation must be drawn out and implemented in a way that they can give fair, just and inclusive view to the strategies the practitioner follows to guide the children under him/her. The practitioner who works with the children must have the ability to understand the policies related to the supporting the children.